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07 Dec 2005 - 02:55
revisionism on U.S. 4th gradersvia joannejacobs, word that U.S. 4th graders aren't on par with their peers after all:Despite a widely held belief that U.S. students do well in mathematics in grade school but decline precipitously in high school, a new study comparing the math skills of students in industrialized nations finds that U.S. students in 4th and 8th grade perform consistently below most of their peers around the world and continue that trend into high school. Steve & Ken will be glad to hear this: U.S. students consistently performed below average, ranking 8th or 9th out of twelve at all three grade levels. These findings suggest that U.S. reform proposals to strengthen mathematics instruction in the upper grades should be expanded to include improving U.S. mathematics instruction beginning in the primary grades. “The conventional wisdom is that U.S. students perform above average in grades 4 and 8, and then decline sharply in high school,” says Steven Leinwand, principal research analyst at AIR and one of the report’s authors. “But this study proves the conventional wisdom is dead wrong.” Steve Leinwand again. That guy is everywhere. I'll add that the 'conventional wisdom' is not that U.S. students perform above average in grades 4 and 8. The conventional wisdom is that U.S. students perform exactly at average in 4th grade, then well below average in 8th, and far below average in 12th. Moreoever, at least one analysis (link t/k—it's here on ktm somewhere) has found that this decline starts in grade school and represents the cumulative total across time of incremental drops in performance in each and every grade throughout the school years. I love it! Countries that score well on items that emphasize mathematical reasoning (a higher-level skill) also score well on items that require knowledge of facts and procedures (a lower-level skill), suggesting that reasoning and computation skills are mutually reinforcing in learning mathematics well. Compared to other countries, students in the United States students do not do well on questions at either skill level. So I guess Steve Leinwand's previous statements on the place of computational skills in a mathematics curriculum are inoperative? a Steve Leinwand sampler
Of course, real people in real situations are frequently called upon to figure the precise moment at which a person riding a ferris wheel can let go of his partner so the partner lands in water as the cart passes by. Pencil and paper The craft of math Summer Supplement Time linking decline in high school scores to elementary school research on summer regression the time costs of not teaching to mastery U.S. fourth graders not doing as well as thought Phase 4 topic list, grade 6 class comments thread on pre-algebra as algebra Back to main page. CommentsAfter entering a comment, users can login anonymously as KtmGuest (password: guest) when prompted.Please consider registering as a regular user. Look here for syntax help. Calculators, computers, spreadsheets, etc. are all certainly valuable tools. But, I think everybody's heard the saying "To err is human; to really screw things up takes a computer." We're putting these very powerful tools into the hands of kids who don't know how to interpret what they say. It's like setting everybody loose on the first day of shop class and saying "Here, play around with these power tools!" I'm sure this is nothing new to anyone on KTM. I just wish elementary, middle school, and secondary math teachers realized this. I think the good ones already do, but there's only so many of them around. -- PaulMiller - 07 Dec 2005 Learning math is all about details and being exact. This is a difficult thing for kids to learn. Using a calculator or a computer doesn't eliminate this need. (As I have said before, calculators and computers should make math class more difficult, not easier.) There is no easy path to success in math. It requires time, hard work and lots of drill and kill practice. If the developers of fuzzy math think they have found an easy, low practice way to math success, then they deserve a nobel prize. (I won't hold my breath.) -- SteveH - 07 Dec 2005 "Steve & Ken will be glad to hear this" But Mike in Texas won't! -- VerghisKoshi - 07 Dec 2005 Steve: There is no Nobel prize in math. ;) -- PaulMiller - 07 Dec 2005 "There is no Nobel prize in math." I know. I was thinking that the best fit would be economics. They would show that less work produces more results. -- SteveH - 07 Dec 2005 But Mike in Texas won't! Nothing fazes MiT. He thinks that everything is political. -- SteveH - 07 Dec 2005 "To err is human; to really screw things up takes a computer." I'd forgotten that! That's perfect; it's exactly right. We all know in some vague kind of way that You Can't Turn Math Over To Calculators. But it's hard to explain succinctly to parents & administrators who are excited about Everyday Math. That saying puts it across. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 It's like setting everybody loose on the first day of shop class and saying "Here, play around with these power tools! I love it! -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Learning math is all about details and being exact. This is a difficult thing for kids to learn. This is an important point. I see this with Christopher, who will get the answer 'right,' and say I just forgot the minus sign. To Christopher, the minus sign is a mere detail. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 As I have said before, calculators and computers should make math class more difficult, not easier. I haven't managed to notice you saying this! If you feel like writing more, please do. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 MiT is immune to reason and empirical evidence. He parrots apologist talking points, will outright ignore any evidence you present that contradicts his worldview, and shifts his arguments when he's losing the debate. -- KDeRosa - 07 Dec 2005 an easy, low practice way to math success Frankly, I don't think there's an easy, low-practice way to success in any activity. I taught knitting for two years in the after-school program. (Strangely, the administration did not feel called-upon to formulate a whole new policy to prevent my continuing to teach knitting in the after-school program.) Knitting takes practice. Knitting is also relatively hard to learn when you're brand new to the craft. It takes work, and it's not fun when you're just starting. I assume the expression 'all thumbs' comes from the crafts people have taught younger generations for hundreds and thousands of years. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Who is Mike in Texas? -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 "Who is Mike in Texas?" You've been missing a lot of fun. Many of us (Ken, one or more of the Steves, Allen, and I have come up against Mike on the field of battle, only to retire hurt (like in cricket) with severe logical concussions. For example, he's always saying that public schools need more money to do their jobs well; but then he seized on the TIMSS 2003 4th-grade results to argue that the US students are being taught too much, and so by extension are too well educated. Here's a transcript of a recent discussion between Ken and Mike in Texas: http://www.haloscan.com/comments/jennyd/113141060612668903/ -- VerghisKoshi - 07 Dec 2005 hoo boy I'll treat myself later on— -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 I'll have to find and post Engelmann's line on whether the schools need more money. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Jay Greene has a good article on school spending. And, his new book, Education Myths goes on to say that research shows that it takes less than $7,000 to fully fund an effective classroom and that almost every school has well over this amount available to it. -- KDeRosa - 07 Dec 2005 Money grafs: Education spending per pupil has been climbing steeply for 60 years. In 1945--46, public primary and secondary schools spent $1,214 per pupil in inflation-adjusted 2001 dollars. Ten years later, that figure had roughly doubled to $2,345. It roughly doubled again in another 16 years, reaching $4,479 in 1971--72. And 30 years later, it had doubled a third time, climbing to $8,745 in 2001--02. It's difficult for us to know what the exact effects of this increase in spending were before the 1970s because there were no standardized tests given to truly representative samples of students at that time. This leaves us with no reliable way to gauge how the performance of the school system responded as new dollars came flowing in. [snip] The results of these exams are startling. During a period when per-pupil education spending doubled from $4,479 to $8,745, student performance has been flat. Twelfth-grade test scores, which represent the final results of the K-12 education system, haven't budged. The average reading score was 285 in 1971 and 288 in 1999 (the latest year from which comparison-compatible scores are available); the average math score was 304 in 1973 and 308 in 1999; and the average science score was 290 in 1977 and 295 in 1999. On a scale of 500 points, these are trivial differences. High school graduation rates, the other major indicator of the school system's final outcomes, are also flat. In 1971--72, high school graduates made up 76 percent of the 17-year-old population (the age-group that is the field's standard of comparison), while in 1999--2000 they made up 70 percent. Early estimates for 2000--01 and 2001--02 indicate that the rate may have gone back up to 72 percent. That leaves it essentially unchanged from the level it had been at 30 years earlier.-- KDeRosa - 07 Dec 2005 It's difficult for us to know what the exact effects of this increase in spending were before the 1970s because there were no standardized tests given to truly representative samples of students at that time. Isn't that amazing? Before 1970, no one kept comprehensive records on how well students were performing. It wasn't the Feds got into the game (most likely unconstitutionally, but who was going to complain by then) that someone decided to keep track of what kids were learning. Does anyone know any other busines or profession (still in existence) that operates like this? -- KDeRosa - 07 Dec 2005 California spends considerably more per pupil than private schools in the Bay Area, arguably one of the most expensive places in the country. And yet the results are dismal, and we're always being told that they need more money. Sources? The non-partisan California Legislative Analyst's Office website, though the data is well hidden. -- VerghisKoshi - 07 Dec 2005 wow, Ken thanks I'm now keeping a list of all the Comments I need to get pulled up front, so THIS WILL BE THERE I'll have to get Greene's book, too -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Isn't that amazing? Before 1970, no one kept comprehensive records on how well students were performing. It wasn't the Feds got into the game (most likely unconstitutionally, but who was going to complain by then) that someone decided to keep track of what kids were learning. It really is staggering. Here's another one: no one anywhere in this country is keeping records on the number of high school graduates from a particular high school who graduate from college. A couple of years back there was a BIG study done showing that the single factor most predictive ('predictive' meaning causative as well as associated) of college graduation was rigor of the high school curriculum. We have no stats. None. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Ed, who has been ambivalent about standardized tests since his experience working on the CA history/social science frameworks (where they ditched a high-quality test due to political pressure) said just yesterday that he's seeing the value for the first time, here in Christopher's situation. In 4th and 5th grade, Christopher had '4s' in math & in ELA. Only about 10% of the kids in his grade scored 4s on both last spring. Thanks to these scores we're well-armed to tell the school that if Christopher is flunking tests on subject and predicate that's a problem with the school, not the child. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Here's another one: no one anywhere in this country is keeping records on the number of high school graduates from a particular high school who graduate from college. Nor are they keeping track of the percentage of kids from a particular school go on to college and are in need of remediation. I'll bet the remediation factor correlates highly with the graduation factor. I especially like the remediation factor because it clearly indicates when a school has not done its job properly in preparing kids for college level work. plus, the remediation rate will be known about three months after the seniot graduation so it can be reported quickly. Schools should be required to post this remediation rate right out front like factories post their "X days without an accident" stats. -- KDeRosa - 07 Dec 2005 Nor are they keeping track of the percentage of kids from a particular school go on to college and are in need of remediation. Hadn't thought of that. Now THAT is ridiculous. I can see where it gets challenging to keep track of college graduation. But entering-college-needing-remediation; that's a piece of cake. Ridiculous. -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 I especially like the remediation factor because it clearly indicates when a school has not done its job properly in preparing kids for college level work. Remediation factor is excellent. (imo) -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 Schools should be required to post this remediation rate right out front like factories post their "X days without an accident" stats. yup -- CatherineJohnson - 07 Dec 2005 longdivision steveleinwand -- CatherineJohnson - 05 Sep 2006 The New York Times found a few stats on remediation at the college level. Do high schools keep track of how many of their graduates actually receive a bachelors degree (or equivalent) from a 4 year college? That would be interesting. . . . "At Cal State, the system admits only students with at least a B average in high school. Nevertheless, 37 percent of the incoming class last year needed remedial math, and 45 percent needed remedial English. Most of the students expect the transition to community college to be seamless. But the first, and sometimes last, stop for many are remedial math classes. “It’s the math that’s killing us,’’ Dr. McKusik said." At 2-Year Colleges, Student Eager But Unready -- LynnGuelzow - 05 Sep 2006 hi Lynn! I think I posted that article - didn't I? (memory shot - too much MICROTRAUMA - takes out the hippocampus) -- CatherineJohnson - 05 Sep 2006 Here's the free link: At 2-Year Colleges, Students Eager but Unready -- CatherineJohnson - 05 Sep 2006 nope, high schools do not keep track of college graduation rates it's a scandal -- CatherineJohnson - 05 Sep 2006 At least, that's what I remember reading. (not fact-checked) -- CatherineJohnson - 05 Sep 2006
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